Ijambo "bateri" ryahindutse mugihe kugirango rikubiyemo ibisobanuro byinshi nibisabwa.Kuva ikoreshwa rya gisirikare ryambere kugeza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kubika ingufu, igitekerezo cya bateri cyahindutse cyane.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibisobanuro bishaje bya batiri nuburyo byahindutse mubisobanuro byiki gihe byijambo, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kubika ingufu nikoranabuhanga.
ibisobanuro bishaje bya batiri
Ibisobanuro bya kera bya batiri byatangiye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 kandi ahanini byari bifitanye isano n'amayeri ya gisirikare n'intambara.Ni muri urwo rwego, bateri bivuga itsinda ry’ibisasu bya rutura biremereye bikoreshwa mu gutera ibihome cyangwa ibirindiro by’abanzi.Izi mbunda zisanzwe zitondekanye kumurongo cyangwa cluster, kandi imbaraga zabo zose hamwe zishobora gutanga ibisasu byangiza.Ijambo "bateri" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'igifaransa "batterie," risobanura "igikorwa cyo gukubita."
Usibye kuba ikoreshwa mubisirikare, ijambo "bateri" rifite kandi ibisobanuro byemewe n'amategeko.Mu mategeko rusange y’icyongereza, gukubita ni ugukoresha ingufu mu buryo butemewe n’undi muntu, bikomeretsa umubiri cyangwa bikomeretsa.Ubu busobanuro bwibitero buracyamenyekana muburyo bugezweho bwamategeko kandi burahuzwa nibisobanuro byagutse byo gukubita no gukomeretsa.
Ubwihindurize bwa tekinoroji ya batiri
Ubwihindurize bwa tekinoroji ya batiri yabaye urugendo rudasanzwe, hamwe niterambere ryinshi mububiko bwingufu no kubyara.Mugihe ubusobanuro bwumwimerere bwa bateri yashinze imizi muntambara nimbaraga zumubiri, ijambo kuva ryagutse kugirango rigere kubintu byinshi, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Batare igezweho, nkuko tubizi uyumunsi, nigikoresho kibika ingufu za chimique kandi ikayihindura ingufu zamashanyarazi binyuze mumiti igenzurwa.Izi mbaraga zabitswe zirashobora noneho gukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, kuva kuri elegitoroniki ntoya kugeza kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride.
Iterambere rya bateri yambere yukuri ryitiriwe umuhanga wumutaliyani Alessandro Volta, wavumbuye bateri ya voltaque mumwaka wa 1800. Iyi bateri yo hambere yari igizwe no guhinduranya ibice bya zinc na disiki z'umuringa bitandukanijwe namakarito yashizwe mumazi yumunyu, yakoraga nka electrolyte.Ikirundo cya voltaic nicyo gikoresho cya mbere gishobora gukora amashanyarazi ahoraho, bikerekana intambwe ikomeye mumateka yubuhanga bwa batiri.
Kuva Volta ikora umurimo w'ubupayiniya, tekinoroji ya batiri yakomeje kugenda itera imbere, biganisha ku iterambere rya bateri zitandukanye, zirimo aside-aside, nikel-kadmium, lithium-ion ndetse na vuba aha, bateri zikomeye.Iterambere ryatumye abantu benshi bakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, bigahindura uburyo duha imbaraga isi igezweho.
Uruhare rwa bateri muri societe igezweho
Muri iyi si ihujwe kandi ikoreshwa nikoranabuhanga, bateri zifite uruhare runini mugukoresha ibikoresho na sisitemu zitandukanye.Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa kugeza ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi no kubika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, bateri zahindutse igice cy'ingenzi mu mibereho yacu ya buri munsi.
Kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya bateri muri societe igezweho ni murwego rwo kubika ingufu zishobora kubaho.Mugihe isi igenda ihinduka ahantu harambye kandi h’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, gukenera ibisubizo bibitse byingufu biragenda biba ngombwa.Batteri, cyane cyane bateri ya lithium-ion, yabaye urufunguzo rwingenzi muguhuza ingufu zishobora kubaho, kubika ingufu zirenze urugero zituruka kumasoko nkizuba n umuyaga.
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) nikindi gice cyingenzi aho bateri zitwara impinduka zikomeye.Kwamamara kwinshi mumashanyarazi na bisi biterwa no kuboneka kwa sisitemu yo gukora cyane kandi ndende.Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ryongereye ingufu zingana, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza no gukora muri rusange, bituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisimburana kandi byiza bikurura ibinyabiziga gakondo bitwika imbere.
Usibye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki no gutwara abantu, bateri zigira uruhare runini mugushigikira amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi.Mu bice bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubona amashanyarazi yizewe, bateri zitanga uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zo gukoresha mugihe cyizuba gito cyangwa kidafite izuba cyangwa umuyaga.Ibi bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumashanyarazi yo mucyaro, gutabara byihutirwa hamwe nubutabazi bwibiza.
Ikibazo cya tekinoroji ya bateri n'amahirwe
Nubwo iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri rishimishije, haracyari imbogamizi zigomba gukemurwa kugirango turusheho kunoza imikorere ya bateri, umutekano, no kuramba.Imwe mu mbogamizi zingenzi ni ukwishingikiriza ku bikoresho bike kandi byangiza ibidukikije nka cobalt na lithium mu gukora bateri ya lithium-ion.Gukuramo no gutunganya ibyo bikoresho birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije no ku mibereho, bisaba ko hakenerwa uburyo bunoze bwo gushakisha isoko.
Indi mbogamizi ni gutunganya bateri no gucunga ubuzima bwanyuma.Mugihe icyifuzo cya bateri gikomeje kwiyongera, niko umubare wa bateri wakoreshejwe ugomba gutunganywa cyangwa kujugunywa neza.Gutezimbere uburyo bunoze kandi buhendutse bwo gutunganya ibintu nibyingenzi kugirango ugabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije by’imyanda ya batiri no kugarura ibikoresho byagaciro byo kongera gukoresha.
Nubwo hari ibibazo, hariho amahirwe akomeye ya tekinoroji ya batiri.Imbaraga n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byibanze ku kuzamura ingufu z’ingufu, ubuzima bwizunguruka n’umutekano wa bateri, ndetse no gushakisha ibikoresho n’ibindi bikoresho bitanga imiti myiza kandi bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije.Kurugero, bateri-ikomeye ikomeye yerekana inzira itanga ibikoresho bizigama ibisekuruza bizaza, bitanga ingufu nyinshi, kwishyuza byihuse, hamwe numutekano muke ugereranije na bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion.
Ejo hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga rya batiri
Urebye imbere, ahazaza h'ikoranabuhanga rya batiri rifite amasezerano akomeye yo gukomeza guhanga udushya no gutera imbere.Ibisabwa kubisubizo byingufu bikomeje kwiyongera, biterwa ninzibacyuho yingufu zishobora kongera amashanyarazi nogutwara amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba ari imbaraga zikomeye zo guteza imbere tekinoroji ya batiri ikora neza, irambye kandi ihendutse.
Mu rwego rw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa niterambere bigamije kwibanda ku kongera ingufu za bateri, kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza no kongera ubuzima bwapaki ya batiri.Iterambere ni ingenzi mu kwihutisha iyakirwa ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi no gukemura ibibazo bijyanye no guhangayika no kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo.
Mu rwego rw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, guhuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu nka bateri nini ya gride hamwe n’ibisubizo byatanzwe mu bubiko bizagira uruhare runini mu gutuma hakwirakwizwa izuba, umuyaga n’andi masoko y’ingufu zishobora kubaho rimwe na rimwe.Mugutanga uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zirenze urugero no kuzitanga mugihe gikenewe, bateri zirashobora gufasha kuringaniza itangwa nibisabwa, kuzamura imiyoboro ihamye, no gushyigikira inzibacyuho irambye kandi ihamye.
Byongeye kandi, guhuza tekinoroji ya batiri hamwe na digitale hamwe nibisubizo byubwenge bitanga amahirwe mashya yo kunoza imicungire yingufu, igisubizo gikenewe hamwe na grid flexible.Mugukoresha sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura hamwe nisesengura risesuye, bateri zirashobora kwinjizwa mumiyoboro yingufu zubwenge kugirango isubize imbaraga mubihe bihindagurika kandi ihindure imikoreshereze yingufu zishobora kubaho.
Muri make, ibisobanuro bishaje bya batiri nkijambo rya gisirikare byahindutse mubisobanuro bigezweho bikubiyemo kubika ingufu, kubyara ingufu no guhanga udushya.Igitekerezo cya bateri cyaturutse ku ntambara n'imbaraga z'umubiri kandi cyahindutse igice cy'ingenzi muri sosiyete igezweho, bituma abantu benshi bakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, ndetse na sisitemu y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.Urebye imbere, iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri rifite amasezerano akomeye yo gukemura ibibazo byo kubika ingufu, kuramba ndetse n’ingaruka ku bidukikije, bigatanga inzira y’ejo hazaza h’ingufu zikora neza, zihamye kandi zirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2024