Ni izihe bateri zuba zimara igihe kirekire?

Imirasire y'izuba ni igice cy'ingenzi mu mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kuko ibika ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo ikoreshwe iyo urumuri rw'izuba ruba ruto cyangwa nijoro.Iyo ingufu z'izuba zimaze kumenyekana, hakenerwa ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zizewe kandi ziramba.Kubwibyo, abaguzi benshi barimo gushakisha amakuru yingirabuzimafatizo zuba zimara igihe kirekire.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ubwoko butandukanye bwingirabuzimafatizo zuba ziboneka hanyuma tuganire kubyo bizwiho kuramba no kuramba.

Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo izuba ryiza.Harimo ubwoko bwa bateri, ubushobozi, ubuzima bwinzira nibikorwa rusange.Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zifite imiterere itandukanye kandi yashizweho kugirango ihuze ingufu zikenewe zo kubika ingufu.Bumwe mu bwoko bwa batiri yizuba ikunze kuboneka harimo bateri ya aside-aside, bateri ya lithium-ion, na bateri zitemba.

Bateri ya aside-aside ikoreshwa mumyaka mirongo kandi izwiho kwizerwa no kugiciro gito.Ariko, bafite ubuzima buke bwigihe kandi birashobora gusaba kubungabungwa buri gihe.Ku rundi ruhande, bateri ya Litiyumu-ion iragenda ikundwa cyane kubera ingufu nyinshi, ubuzima burebure, hamwe n’ibisabwa bike.Nubwo bidakunze kubaho, bateri zitemba zizwiho ubunini nubuzima burebure bwigihe kirekire, bigatuma zikoreshwa muburyo bunini bwo kubika ingufu.

Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion muri rusange ifatwa nk'ihitamo ryiza mubijyanye no kuramba.Izi bateri zizwiho ingufu nyinshi, zibafasha kubika ingufu nyinshi mumwanya muto.Byongeye kandi, bateri ya lithium-ion ifite ubuzima burebure, bivuze ko ishobora kwishyurwa no gusohora inshuro ibihumbi nta kwangirika gukomeye.Ibi bituma biba byiza kuri sisitemu yizuba kuko ishobora gutanga imyaka yo kubika ingufu zizewe.

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ingirabuzimafatizo y'izuba ni ubuzima bwacyo.Ubuzima bwikizamini bivuga umubare wamafaranga yishyurwa nogusohora bateri ishobora kunyuramo mbere yuko ubushobozi bwayo bugabanuka cyane.Ku mirasire y'izuba, ubuzima burebure burakenewe kuko byemeza ko bateri ishobora gukomeza kubika no gutanga ingufu neza mugihe kirekire.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion izwiho ubuzima bwizunguruka butangaje, hamwe na moderi zimwe zishobora kumara inshuro 10,000 cyangwa zirenga.

Ikindi gitekerezwaho mugihe cyo gusuzuma ubuzima bwimirasire yizuba nukuntu ubushobozi bwayo bugumaho mugihe runaka.Mugihe bateri ishaje, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugumana amafaranga irashobora kugabanuka.Nyamara, bateri ya lithium-ion izwiho kugumana ubushobozi buhebuje, hamwe na moderi nyinshi zigumana 80% cyangwa zirenga zubushobozi bwazo bwa mbere nyuma yibihumbi.Ibi bivuze ko na nyuma yimyaka ikoreshwa, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora gutanga ububiko bukomeye bwingufu zamashanyarazi yizuba.

Usibye ubuzima bwizunguruka no kugumana ubushobozi, imikorere rusange yingirabuzimafatizo yizuba nayo igira uruhare runini muguhitamo kuramba.Imirasire y'izuba yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yagenewe gukora neza kandi yizewe no mubihe bigoye.Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu nko kwihanganira ubushyuhe, ubujyakuzimu bwasohotse, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwihanganira inshuro nyinshi no gusohora.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion izwiho imikorere myiza muri utwo turere, bigatuma bahitamo bwa mbere kubika izuba rirambye.

Mugihe uhisemo imirasire y'izuba izamara igihe kirekire, ugomba gutekereza kubisabwa byihariye bya sisitemu yizuba.Ibintu nkubunini bwa sisitemu, ibikenerwa byo kubika ingufu hamwe ningengo yimari byose bigira ingaruka kumahitamo yizuba.Kubijyanye nizuba ryizuba, bateri ya lithium-ion ikunzwe cyane kubera ingufu nyinshi, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire nibisabwa bike.Izi bateri zirashobora gutanga ingufu zizewe mumazu kandi zirashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bworoshye mumashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba.

Kubikoresho binini binini byo kubika izuba, nkibikorwa byubucuruzi cyangwa ibikorwa byingirakamaro, bateri zitemba zishobora kuba amahitamo akwiye.Batteri zitemba zizwiho ubuzima burebure bwikurikiranya nubunini, bigatuma biba byiza kubika ingufu nyinshi.Mugihe bashobora kuba bafite ikiguzi cyo hejuru ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa bateri, kuramba kwabo no gukora bituma bakora igisubizo cyiza kububiko bwigihe kirekire.

Mu gusoza, ku mirasire y'izuba, kuramba ni ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irazwi cyane kubera kuramba no kuramba kuramba, bigatuma ihitamo neza kumirasire y'izuba.Hamwe nubucucike bwabyo bwinshi, kugumana ubushobozi nibikorwa rusange, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora gutanga ububiko bwizewe bwokubika izuba hamwe nubucuruzi.Nkuko ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikomeje kwiyongera, gushora imari mu mirasire y'izuba yo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n'igihe kirekire cyo kubaho ni ngombwa kugira ngo inyungu nyinshi zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba kandi zitange ejo hazaza h’ingufu zirambye.