Nka "superstar" yumurongo wa batiri ya lithium kuva 2021, igiciro cya karubone ya lithium cyahindutse cyane mumyaka ibiri ishize.Rimwe ryageze hejuru maze ryerekeza ku giciro cya 600.000 Yuan / toni.Icyifuzo mu gice cya mbere cya 2023 nacyo Mu gihe cyinkono, cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 170.000 Yuan / toni.Muri icyo gihe, mugihe kazoza ka lithium karubone igiye gutangizwa, SMM izaha abasomyi isubiramo ryimbitse ryurwego rwinganda za lithium, iherezo ryumutungo, iherezo ryumuti, iherezo ryibisabwa, uburyo bwo gutanga ibisabwa hamwe nuburyo bwo kugena ibiciro. muri iyi ngingo.
Incamake y'urunigi rwa lithium:
Nkikintu cyicyuma gifite uburemere buke bwa atome, lithium ifite ubwinshi bwumuriro hamwe na helium ihamye-ya elegitoroniki ya kabiri.Ifite ibikorwa bikomeye byamashanyarazi kandi irashobora kubyitwaramo nibindi bikoresho kugirango ikore ibintu bitandukanye.Nibikoresho byiza cyane byo gukora bateri.Guhitamo neza.Mu nganda za lithium, mu gice cyo hejuru harimo amabuye y'agaciro ya lithium nka spodumene, lepidolite, n'umunyu w'ikiyaga cy'umunyu.Nyuma yo gukuramo umutungo wa lithium, urashobora gutunganyirizwa muri buri murongo kugirango ubyare umunyu wa lithium wibanze, umunyu wa kabiri / umunyu wa lithium, ibyuma bya Litiyumu nubundi buryo bwibicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa mubyiciro byambere byo gutunganya birimo imyunyu ngugu ya lithium nka karubone ya lithium, hydroxide ya lithium, na chloride ya lithium;gutunganya neza birashobora kubyara lithium ya kabiri cyangwa nyinshi nka lithium fer fosifate, lithium cobalt oxyde, lithium hexafluorophosphate, na lithium metallic.Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya lithium birashobora gukoreshwa cyane mubice bigenda bigaragara nka bateri ya lithium, ceramika, ikirahure, amavuta, amavuta, firigo, ubuvuzi, inganda za kirimbuzi na optoelectronics.
Ibikoresho bya Litiyumu birangira:
Urebye ubwoko bwa lithium yumutungo, irashobora kugabanywamo imirongo ibiri yingenzi: ibikoresho byibanze nibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa.Muri byo, umutungo wa lithium wibikoresho fatizo uboneka cyane muri brine yikiyaga cyumunyu, spodumene na lepidolite.Ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa cyane cyane bibona ibikoresho bya lithium binyuze muri bateri ya lithium ikiruhuko cyiza no kuyitunganya.
Guhera kumuhanda wibikoresho fatizo, gukwirakwiza kwibikoresho bya lithium muri rusange ni byinshi.Dukurikije amakuru aheruka gutangazwa na USGS, umutungo wa lithium ku isi ubitse toni miliyoni 22 zose z’icyuma cya lithium.Muri byo, ibihugu bitanu bya mbere ku isi mu bijyanye na lithium ku isi ni Chili, Ositaraliya, Arijantine, Ubushinwa, na Amerika, bingana na 87% muri rusange, naho Ubushinwa bukaba bufite 7%.
Gukomeza gutandukanya ubwoko bwumutungo, ibiyaga byumunyu nisoko nyamukuru yumutungo wa lithium kwisi, ukwirakwizwa cyane muri Chili, Arijantine, Ubushinwa nahandi;Ibirombe bya spodumene bikwirakwizwa cyane cyane muri Ositaraliya, Kanada, Amerika, Ubushinwa n’ahandi, kandi ikwirakwizwa ry’umutungo ni Riri munsi yikiyaga cyumunyu kandi ni ubwoko bwumutungo ufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gucukura lithium yubucuruzi muri iki gihe;umutungo wa lepidolite ni muto kandi wibanze i Jiangxi, mu Bushinwa.
Urebye ku musaruro wa lithium, umusaruro rusange wa lithium ku isi muri 2022 uzaba toni 840.000 za LCE.Biteganijwe ko izagera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere buri mwaka cya 21% kuva 2023 kugeza 2026, ikagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.56 za LCE mu 2026. Ku bijyanye n’ibihugu, CR3 ni Ositaraliya, Chili, n’Ubushinwa, bingana na 86%, byerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwibanda.
Kubijyanye nubwoko bwibikoresho fatizo, pyroxene izaba ikiri ubwoko bwibikoresho byibanze mugihe kizaza.Ikiyaga cyumunyu nubwoko bwa kabiri bunini bwibikoresho fatizo, kandi mika izakomeza kugira uruhare rwinyongera.Twabibutsa ko hazabaho umuhengeri wo gusiba nyuma ya 2022. Ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’imyanda hagati y’umusaruro n’imyanda iva mu mahanga, hamwe n’iterambere ryakozwe mu kongera ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya lithium, bizamura iterambere ryihuse ry’ibicuruzwa biva muri litiro.Biteganijwe ko ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa bizagera kuri 8% muri 2026. Umubare wibikoresho bya lithium.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Guconga Litiyumu:
Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite litiro nyinshi zishonga cyane ku isi.Urebye mu ntara, Ubushinwa bwa lithium karubone ikorerwa ahanini bushingiye ku isaranganya ry'umutungo n'inganda zishonga.Intara nyamukuru zitanga umusaruro ni Jiangxi, Sichuan na Qinghai.Jiangxi nintara ifite umutungo munini wa lepidolite mu Bushinwa, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amasosiyete azwi cyane yo gushonga nka Ganfeng Lithium Industry, ikora karubone ya lithium na hydroxide ya lithium binyuze muri spodumene yatumijwe mu mahanga;Sichuan nintara ifite umutungo wa pyroxene nini mu Bushinwa, kandi ishinzwe no gukora hydroxide.Ikigo cya Litiyumu.Qinghai nintara nini yo gukuramo ibiyaga binini byu Bushinwa.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Ku bijyanye n’amasosiyete, ku bijyanye na karubone ya lithium, umusaruro wose mu 2022 uzaba toni 350.000, muri zo amasosiyete CR10 angana na 69% yose hamwe, kandi umusaruro ukaba wibanze cyane.Muri byo, Jiangxi Zhicun Lithium Inganda zifite umusaruro mwinshi, zingana na 9% by’ibisohoka.Nta muyobozi wihariye wiharira inganda.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Ku bijyanye na hydroxide ya lithium, umusaruro wose muri 2022 uzaba toni 243.000, muri zo amasosiyete CR10 angana na 74%, kandi uburyo bwo gukora bwibanze cyane kuruta ubwa karubone ya lithium.Muri byo, Ganfeng Lithium Industry, isosiyete ifite umusaruro mwinshi, ihwanye na 24% by’umusaruro wose, kandi ingaruka zikomeye ziragaragara.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Uruhande rusaba Litiyumu:
Ibikenerwa bya Litiyumu birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri byingenzi: inganda za batiri ya lithium ninganda gakondo.Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bukabije bw'ingufu no kubika ingufu zikenerwa ku isoko mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, igipimo cya batiri ya lithium ikenerwa mu gukoresha lithiyumu yose igenda yiyongera uko umwaka utashye.Nk’uko imibare ya SMM ibigaragaza, hagati ya 2016 na 2022, igipimo cyo gukoresha karubone ya lithium mu murima wa batiri ya lithium cyiyongereye kiva kuri 78% kigera kuri 93%, mu gihe hydroxide ya lithium yavuye kuri munsi ya 1% igera kuri 95% +.Urebye ku isoko, ibisabwa byose mu nganda za batiri ya lithium biterwa ahanini n’amasoko atatu akomeye yingufu, kubika ingufu no gukoresha:
Isoko ry'ingufu: Bitewe na politiki yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ku isi, guhindura amasosiyete y'imodoka no gukenera isoko, isoko ry’ingufu rizagera ku kuzamuka guturika muri 2021-2022, bivuze ko ryiganje cyane mu gukenera batiri ya lithium, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kirekire..
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu: Bitewe nimpamvu nkikibazo cy’ingufu na politiki y’igihugu, amasoko atatu akomeye y’Ubushinwa, Uburayi, na Amerika azakorana kandi azabe umwanya wa kabiri mu kuzamuka kwa batiri ya litiro.
Isoko ry'umuguzi: Isoko rusange riragenda ryuzura, kandi iterambere ryigihe kirekire riteganijwe kuba rito.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Muri rusange, ibikenerwa na batiri ya lithium biziyongeraho 52% umwaka ushize mu mwaka wa 2022, kandi bizagenda byiyongera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere buri mwaka cya 35% kuva 2022 kugeza 2026, ibyo bikazakomeza kongera inganda za batiri ya lithium ku byifuzo bya lithium. .Kubijyanye na porogaramu zitandukanye, isoko yo kubika ingufu ifite umuvuduko mwinshi witerambere.Isoko ry'ingufu rikomeje gutera imbere mugihe ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bikomeje gutera imbere.Isoko ry’abaguzi ahanini rishingiye ku mikurire y’imodoka zifite ibiziga bibiri n’ibicuruzwa bishya by’abaguzi nka drones, e-itabi, nibikoresho byambara.Iterambere ryiyongera ryumwaka ni 8% gusa.
Dufatiye ku masosiyete akoresha mu buryo butaziguye umunyu wa lithium, ukurikije karubone ya lithium, ibisabwa muri 2022 bizaba toni 510.000.Amasosiyete y'abaguzi yibanda cyane muri lithium fer fosifate cathode yibikoresho hamwe na nikel ternary cathode mato mato mato, kandi ibigo byo hasi byibanda kubikoresha.Impamyabumenyi ni mike, muri yo CR12 ihwanye na 44%, ifite ingaruka ndende ndende kandi igereranijwe.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Ku bijyanye na hydroxide ya lithium, ibikoreshwa byose muri 2022 bizaba toni 140.000.Ubwinshi bwibigo bikoresha abaguzi biri hejuru cyane ugereranije na karubone ya lithium.CR10 ihwanye na 87%.Igishushanyo cyibanze.Mu bihe biri imbere, nkuko ibigo bitandukanye bya cathode ya cathode bizatera imbere Hamwe nikelike nyinshi, biteganijwe ko inganda zizagabanuka.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Ibikoresho bya Litiyumu nibisabwa:
Duhereye ku buryo bunoze bwo gutanga no gukenera, lithium yarangije kuzenguruka hagati ya 2015 na 2019. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2017, ingufu nshya zageze ku iterambere ryihuse ryatewe inkunga n'inkunga ya Leta.Nyamara, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwumutungo wa lithium ntabwo warihuse nkibisabwa, bivamo kudahuza itangwa nibisabwa.Icyakora, nyuma yuko inkunga ya leta igabanutse muri 2019, icyifuzo cya terefone cyagabanutse vuba, ariko ishoramari ryambere umushinga wa Lithium wageze mubikorwa byumusaruro, kandi lithium yinjiye kumugaragaro.Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete menshi acukura amabuye y'agaciro yatangaje ko yahombye, maze inganda zitangiza ivugurura.
Uru ruganda rutangira mu mpera za 2020:
2021-2022: Icyifuzo cya Terminal giturika vuba, bikora kudahuza no gutanga ibikoresho bya lithium yo hejuru.Kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2022, imishinga imwe yo gucukura lithium yahagaritswe mugihe cyanyuma cyikirenga izasubukurwa nyuma, ariko haracyari ikibazo kinini.Muri icyo gihe, iki gihe nacyo cyari icyiciro igihe ibiciro bya lithium byazamutse vuba.
2023-2024: Isubukurwa ryimishinga yumusaruro + imishinga mishya yubatswe yubatswe biteganijwe ko izagera ku musaruro ukurikiranye hagati ya 2023 na 2024. Iterambere ry’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenerwa n’ingufu nshya ntabwo ryihuta nko mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’icyorezo, n’urwego rwa umutungo usagutse uzagera ku rwego rwo hejuru muri 2024.
2025-2026: Iterambere ryubwiyongere bwumutungo wa lithium urashobora kugabanuka bitewe no gukomeza kurenga.Uruhande rusabwa ruzayoborwa numurima wo kubika ingufu, kandi ibisagutse bizagabanuka neza.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Imyunyu ya Litiyumu nuburyo bwo gukemura
Urutonde rwo gusinya uburyo bwumunyu wa lithium harimo ahanini ibicuruzwa byigihe kirekire na ordre zeru.Ibicuruzwa bya zeru birashobora gusobanurwa nkubucuruzi bworoshye.Impande z’ubucuruzi ntizemeranya ku bicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi, ingano, nuburyo bwo kugena ibiciro mugihe runaka, kandi bikamenya amagambo yigenga;muribo, amategeko maremare arashobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu:
Ifunga ryo gufunga ingano: Ingano yo gutanga nuburyo bwo kugemura byumvikanyweho mbere.Igiciro cyo kwishura kizaba gishingiye ku (SMM) buri kwezi igiciro cyo hagati yikiciro cyagatatu-cyongeweho, cyunganirwa na coefficient de coiffure, kugirango ugere kumasoko ashingiye kumasoko kandi byoroshye.
Gufunga ingano no gufunga ibiciro: Ingano yo gutanga nigiciro cyo kwishura byumvikanyweho mbere, kandi igiciro cyo kwishyurwa gishyirwaho mugihe kizaza.Igiciro kimaze gufungwa, ntabwo kizahindurwa mugihe kizaza / nyuma yuburyo bwo guhindura ibintu, umuguzi nugurisha bazongera kumvikana kubiciro byagenwe, bifite ihinduka rito.
Gufunga ingano gusa: gusa shiraho amagambo / yanditse kumubare wibitangwa, ariko ntamasezerano yambere yuburyo bwo gukemura ibiciro byibicuruzwa, byoroshye cyane.
Hagati ya 2021 na 2022, kubera ihindagurika ryibiciro bikabije, uburyo bwo gusinya hamwe nuburyo bwo kugena ibiciro byumunyu wa lithium nabyo birahinduka bucece.Urebye uburyo bwo gusinya amasezerano, muri 2022, 40% byamasosiyete azakoresha uburyo bwo kugena ibiciro bifunga ingano gusa, cyane cyane ko itangwa ryisoko rya lithium rikomeye kandi ibiciro biri hejuru.Mu rwego rwo kurinda inyungu, amasosiyete yo hejuru yo gushonga azakoresha uburyo bwo gufunga ingano ariko ntabwo ari igiciro;mugihe kizaza, Reba, nkuko itangwa nibisabwa bigaruka mubitekerezo, abaguzi nabagurisha babaye ibyifuzo byingenzi kubitangwa no guhagarara neza.Biteganijwe ko igipimo cyigihe kirekire cyo gufunga ingano no gufunga amata (bihujwe nigiciro cyumunyu wa SMM lithium kugirango ugere kumurongo uhuza) uziyongera.
Ukurikije abaguzi b'umunyu wa lithium, usibye kugura mu buryo butaziguye n'amasosiyete y'ibikoresho, kwiyongera kw'abaguzi b'umunyu wa lithium ukomoka mu masosiyete atwara abagenzi (bateri, amasosiyete y'imodoka, n'andi masosiyete acukura ibyuma) byatungishije ubwoko rusange bw'amasosiyete agura.Urebye ko abakinnyi bashya bagomba gutekereza Kuramba kwigihe kirekire kwinganda no kumenyera ibiciro byamabuye akuze biteganijwe ko bizagira ingaruka runaka muburyo bwo kugena ibiciro.Umubare wibiciro byerekana ibiciro byo gufunga inomero ifunga formulaire yigihe kirekire byiyongereye.
Byose kuri lithium!Incamake yuzuye yumurongo wa lithium
Urebye muri rusange, kubijyanye na lithium yinganda, igiciro cyumunyu wa lithium cyahindutse ihuriro ryibiciro byinganda zose, biteza imbere ihererekanyabubasha ryibiciro nibiciro hagati yinganda zitandukanye.Urebye mu bice:
Litiyumu Ore - Umunyu wa Litiyumu: Ukurikije igiciro cyumunyu wa lithium, ubutare bwa lithium bugurwa hejuru cyane binyuze mugusangira inyungu.
Precursor - ihuza rya cathode: Kuringaniza igiciro cyumunyu wa lithium nindi myunyu yicyuma, no kugwiza hamwe nogukoresha ibice hamwe na coefficient yo kugabanya kugirango ugere kumavugurura yibiciro
Electrode nziza - selile ya batiri: ihagaritse igiciro cyumunyu wicyuma ikagwiza hamwe nogukoresha hamwe na coefficient de coiffure kugirango ugere kubihuza ibiciro
Akagari ka Bateri - OEM / integer: Tandukanya igiciro cyumunyu wa cathode / lithium (umunyu wa lithium nimwe mubikoresho nyamukuru biboneka muri cathode).Ibindi bikoresho byingenzi bifata uburyo bwagenwe.Ukurikije ihindagurika ryibiciro byumunyu wa lithium, hasinywe uburyo bwo kwishyura ibiciro., kugirango tugere ku guhuza ibiciro gukemura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2023