Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu cyavuze ko isi ihanganye n’ikibazo cya mbere cy’ingufu z’isi ku isi kubera Uburusiya bwateye Ukraine ndetse n’ibihano byatanzwe ku itangwa rya gaze mu Burusiya.Dore uko Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Ubufaransa na Amerika byakiriye ikibazo.
Mu mwaka wa 2008, Ubwongereza bwabaye igihugu cya mbere cya G7 cyashyize umukono ku mategeko cyiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya zero zero mu mwaka wa 2050. Mu gihe Ubwongereza bukomeje kuvugurura amategeko kugira ngo bushishikarize urwego rw’imitungo itimukanwa kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, hagaragaye umutekano w’ingufu. ibibazo muri 2022 byagaragaje ko iryo vugurura rigomba kwihutishwa.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu, guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yemeje itegeko ry’ibiciro by’ingufu 2022 mu Kwakira 2022, rigamije gutanga inkunga y’ingufu ku ngo no mu bucuruzi no kubarinda ihungabana ry’ibiciro bya gaze.Gahunda yo Gufasha Ingufu zitanga ingufu, zitanga ubucuruzi ku giciro cy’ingufu mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu, izasimburwa na gahunda nshya y’ingufu z’ingufu z’ubucuruzi, imiryango nterankunga n’imiryango ya Leta yatangiye muri Mata uyu mwaka.
Mu Bwongereza, turimo kubona kandi icyerekezo nyacyo cyo kubyara amashanyarazi make ya karubone avuye mu kongera ingufu n’ingufu za kirimbuzi.
Guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yiyemeje kugabanya ubwishingizi bw’Ubwongereza bushingiye ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima hagamijwe guca burundu amashanyarazi y’Ubwongereza mu 2035. Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, hasinywe amasezerano y’umushinga w’umuyaga wo mu nyanja ushobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 8 GW y’umuyaga wo mu nyanja - bihagije guha ingufu amazu agera kuri miliyoni zirindwi mubwongereza.
Gushyira imbere ibivugururwa biri ku murongo w'ibyigwa kuko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko amashyiga mashya akoreshwa na gaze mu ngo ashobora kuvaho kandi hakaba hakomeje ibigeragezo byo gukoresha hydrogene nk'isoko ry’ingufu.
Usibye uburyo ingufu zitangwa mubidukikije byubatswe, hakomeje gushyirwaho ingufu mu kuzamura ingufu z’inyubako, kandi muri uyu mwaka hazaba impinduka ku bipimo ngenderwaho by’ingufu ntoya.Umwaka ushize twabonye kandi isuzuma rikenewe cyane ryukuntu karubone ipimwa mukubaka ibyemezo byingufu zingufu kugirango harebwe uruhare rwiyongereye rwibintu bivugururwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi (nubwo gukoresha gaze mu nyubako bishobora gusobanura amanota yo hasi).
Hariho kandi ibyifuzo byo guhindura uburyo ingufu zikurikiranwa mu nyubako nini z'ubucuruzi (mu gihe hagitegerejwe ibisubizo byavuye mu nama za leta kuri iki kibazo) no guhindura amategeko agenga imyubakire y'umwaka ushize kugira ngo hashyizweho ingingo zishyuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi gushyirwaho mu iterambere.Izi ni zimwe mu mpinduka zibaho, ariko zerekana ko iterambere ririmo gukorwa mubice bigari.
Ikibazo cy’ingufu kirimo gushyira igitutu ku bucuruzi, kandi usibye impinduka zimaze kuvugwa n’amategeko, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byiyemeje kugabanya amasaha yo gukora kugira ngo bigabanye gukoresha ingufu.Turabona kandi ubucuruzi butera intambwe ifatika, nko kugabanya ubushyuhe kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe no gushakisha ahantu hakoreshwa ingufu mugihe dutekereza kwimuka.
Muri Nzeri 2022, Guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yashyizeho isuzuma ryigenga ryiswe “Mission Zero” kugira ngo harebwe uburyo Ubwongereza bwarushaho kugera ku nshingano zeru zeru bitewe n'ikibazo cy'ingufu ku isi.
Iri suzuma rigamije kumenya intego zigerwaho, zikora neza kandi zorohereza ubucuruzi ingamba z’Ubwongereza Net Zero kandi byerekana ko inzira igana imbere.Zeru isukuye igena neza amategeko nicyemezo cya politiki kumaduka.
Mu myaka yashize, inganda zitimukanwa z’Abadage zahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye ku ruhande rumwe kubera ingamba za Covid-19 ku rundi ruhande kubera ikibazo cy’ingufu.
Mu gihe inganda zateye intambwe ishimishije mu gukoresha ingufu mu myaka yashize binyuze mu kuvugurura iterambere rirambye no gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga ryubaka icyatsi, inkunga ya leta nayo yagize uruhare runini mu guhangana n’ikibazo.
Ubwa mbere, guverinoma y'Ubudage yemeje gahunda y'ibice bitatu byihutirwa byo gutanga gaze gasanzwe.Ibi birerekana urugero umutekano wibicuruzwa ushobora kubungabungwa mubyiciro bitandukanye.Leta ifite uburenganzira bwo kugira icyo ikora kugira ngo itange gaze ku baguzi bamwe na bamwe barinzwe nk'ibitaro, abapolisi cyangwa abakoresha urugo.
Icya kabiri, kubijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi, ubu harasuzumwa amahirwe yo kwitwa "umwijima".Mugihe ibintu byateganijwe murusobe, mugihe ingufu nyinshi zirenze izibyara umusaruro, TSOs mbere na mbere yifashisha ububiko busanzwe bwamashanyarazi.Niba ibi bidahagije, by'agateganyo kandi byateganijwe mbere yo gufunga bizasuzumwa mubihe bikabije.
Ingamba zasobanuwe haruguru zitera ibibazo bigaragara mu nganda zitimukanwa.Icyakora, hari na gahunda zerekanye ibisubizo bipimye, bigatuma habaho kuzigama hejuru ya 10% mumashanyarazi na 30% muri gaze gasanzwe.
Amabwiriza ya guverinoma y'Ubudage yerekeye kuzigama ingufu yashyizeho urwego shingiro rwibi.Muri aya mabwiriza, ba nyir'amazu bagomba guhindura uburyo bwo gushyushya gaze mu nyubako zabo no gukora igenzura ryinshi ry’ubushyuhe.Byongeye kandi, ba nyirinzu hamwe nabapangayi bagomba kugabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yo kwamamaza hanze hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kumurika, kwemeza ko umwanya w’ibiro ucanwa gusa mu masaha y’akazi, kandi ukagabanya ubushyuhe mu bibanza kugeza ku ndangagaciro \ u200b \ u200 byemewe n'amategeko.
Byongeye kandi, birabujijwe gukomeza gufungura imiryango yububiko igihe cyose kugirango ugabanye umwuka wo hanze.Amaduka menshi yagabanije kubushake amasaha yo gufungura kugirango yubahirize amabwiriza.
Byongeye kandi, guverinoma irashaka gukemura ibibazo mu kugabanya ibiciro guhera muri uku kwezi.Ibi bigabanya ibiciro bya gaze namashanyarazi kumubare runaka wagenwe.Ariko, kugirango bakomeze gushishikarira gukoresha ingufu nke, abaguzi bazabanza kwishyura ibiciro biri hejuru, hanyuma nibwo bazahabwa inkunga.Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi yagombaga guhagarikwa ubu azakomeza gukora kugeza muri Mata 2023, bityo abone amashanyarazi.
Muri iki gihe cy’ingufu z’ingufu, Ubufaransa bwibanze ku kwigisha ubucuruzi n’ingo uburyo bwo kugabanya amashanyarazi na gaze.Guverinoma y'Ubufaransa yategetse iki gihugu kurushaho kwitondera uburyo n'igihe gikoresha ingufu mu kwirinda gaze cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Aho gushyiraho imipaka nyayo kandi iteganijwe ku ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ubucuruzi n’ingo, guverinoma iragerageza kubafasha gukoresha ingufu mu bwenge kandi ku giciro gito, mu gihe igabanya ingufu z’ingufu.
Guverinoma y’Ubufaransa kandi itanga ubufasha bw’amafaranga, cyane cyane ku masosiyete mato, nayo agera ku masosiyete akoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Imfashanyo zimwe na zimwe nazo zahawe ingo z’Abafaransa kugirango zifashe abantu kwishyura fagitire y’amashanyarazi - umuryango uwo ariwo wose uri mu rwego runaka winjiza uhita ubona ubwo bufasha.Kurugero, ubufasha bwinyongera bwatanzwe kubakeneye imodoka kumurimo.
Muri rusange, guverinoma y’Ubufaransa ntabwo yafashe umwanya mushya ukomeye ku kibazo cy’ingufu, kubera ko hashyizweho amategeko atandukanye agamije kunoza ingufu z’inyubako.Ibi birimo kubuza gutura mu nyubako kubakodesha niba batujuje igipimo runaka cyingufu.
Ikibazo cy’ingufu ntabwo ari ikibazo kuri guverinoma y’Ubufaransa gusa, ahubwo no ku masosiyete, cyane cyane bitewe n’akamaro kiyongera ku ntego za ESG bihaye.Mu Bufaransa, amasosiyete aragerageza gushaka uburyo bwo kongera ingufu (no kunguka), ariko baracyafite ubushake bwo kugabanya gukoresha ingufu nubwo bitaba ngombwa ko bibahenze kuri bo.
Ibi birimo ibigo bigerageza gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera ubushyuhe bwimyanda, cyangwa abakoresha amakuru yikigo gikonjesha seriveri kugirango ubushyuhe buke bumaze kumenya ko bushobora gukora neza mubushyuhe buke.Turateganya ko izi mpinduka zizakomeza kubaho vuba, cyane cyane bitewe nigiciro kinini cyingufu hamwe nakamaro ka ESG.
Amerika ikemura ikibazo cy’ingufu zayo itanga imisoro kuri banyiri imitungo kugirango bashyiremo kandi bitange ingufu zishobora kubaho.Amategeko y'ingenzi muri urwo rwego ni itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga, iyo ryemejwe mu 2022, rizaba ishoramari rinini Amerika yigeze gushora mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.Amerika ivuga ko IRA izatanga amadolari agera kuri miliyari 370 z'amadorari (miliyari 306).
Impamvu zikomeye zitera abafite imitungo ni (i) inguzanyo yumusoro wishoramari na (ii) inguzanyo yumusoro ku musaruro, byombi bikoreshwa mubucuruzi nuburaro.
ITC ishishikariza ishoramari mu mutungo utimukanwa, izuba, umuyaga n’ubundi buryo bw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa binyuze mu nguzanyo imwe yatanzwe iyo imishinga ijyanye nayo itangiye.Inguzanyo shingiro ya ITC ingana na 6% byagaciro k’umusoreshwa mu mutungo wujuje ibyangombwa, ariko irashobora kwiyongera kugera kuri 30% mugihe hari umubare munini w’imyitozo yo kwimenyereza umwuga hamwe n’umushahara wiganje wujujwe mu iyubakwa, kuvugurura cyangwa kunoza imishinga.Ibinyuranye, PTC ninguzanyo yimyaka 10 yumusaruro wamashanyarazi ushobora kuvugururwa ahantu hujuje ibyangombwa.
Inguzanyo shingiro ya PTC ingana na kWh yakozwe kandi igurishwa igwizwa n $ 0.03 (£ 0.02) yahinduwe kugirango ifaranga.PTC irashobora kugwizwa na 5 mugihe ibisabwa hejuru yo kwimenyereza umwuga hamwe nibisabwa umushahara wiganje byujujwe.
Izi nkunga zirashobora kongerwaho n’inguzanyo y’inyongera 10% mu bice by’amateka bifitanye isano n’ahantu hashobora kubyara ingufu zidashobora kuvugururwa, nk’imirima ishaje, uduce dukoresha cyangwa twinjiza imisoro ihambaye ituruka ku masoko y’ingufu zidashobora kuvugururwa, hamwe n’amabuye y’amakara afunze.Inguzanyo zinyongera "ibihembo" zishobora guhurizwa mumushinga, nkinguzanyo ya 10% ITC kumishinga yumuyaga nizuba biherereye mumiryango ikennye cyangwa mubihugu byimiryango.
Mu bice bituwe, IRA nayo yibanda ku gukoresha ingufu kugirango igabanye ingufu.Kurugero, abategura amazu barashobora kubona inguzanyo ya $ 2,500 kugeza $ 5,000 kuri buri gice cyagurishijwe cyangwa gikodeshwa.
Kuva mu mishinga y’inganda kugera ku nyubako z’ubucuruzi n’inyubako zo guturamo, IRA ishishikariza iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bishya by’ingufu no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu hifashishijwe imisoro.
Nkuko tubona ibihugu byo ku isi bishyira mu bikorwa amategeko arushijeho gukomera no kugerageza kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu buryo butandukanye bwo guhanga udushya, ikibazo cy’ingufu kiriho cyagaragaje akamaro k’izo ngamba.Ubu nigihe cyingenzi cyane inganda zitimukanwa gukomeza imbaraga no kwerekana ubuyobozi muriki kibazo.
Niba wifuza kumenya uburyo Lexology ishobora guteza imbere ingamba zo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa, nyamuneka ohereza imeri kuri [imeri irinzwe].
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-23-2023