Ibyo bita "Three Musketeers" yimodoka nshya yingufu bivuga uburyo butatu bwingufu: selile ya lisansi, ingufu za Hybrid nimbaraga nziza zamashanyarazi.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, moderi nziza y'amashanyarazi “Tesla” yazengurutse isi.Imbere mu gihugu yihariye yibiranga nka BYD [-0.54% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwikigega] “Qin” nayo iratera imbere.Bigaragara ko muri "Batatu Musketeers", Gusa selile ya lisansi yakoze neza gake.Mu imurikagurisha ry’imodoka rya Beijing kuri ubu ririmo kubera, moderi nshya zitangaje za selile zahindutse “inyenyeri” zerekana.Iki kibazo kiributsa abantu ko isoko ryimodoka ya lisansi igenda yegereza buhoro buhoro.Ibicanwa bya lisansi yibicuruzwa mumasoko A-bigizwe ahanini na moteri ya SAIC [-0.07% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwikigega] (600104), itegura ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi;amasosiyete yimigabane yamasosiyete yinganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, nka Jiangsu Sunshine, umunyamigabane munini wa tekinoroji ya Shenli [-0,94% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] (600220) na Great Wall Electric [-0,64% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] (600192), ifite imigabane muri Xinyuan Imbaraga, na Narada Imbaraga [-0,71% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] (300068);kimwe n’andi masosiyete afitanye isano n’inganda zikora inganda, nka Huachang Chemical [-0.90% Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] (002274), igira uruhare mu kugabanya umukozi “sodium borohydride”, na Kemet Gas [0.46% Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] (002549), ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga hydrogen.“Akagari ka lisansi mu byukuri ni imiti ihindura amazi ya electrolyzing.Hydrogen na ogisijeni bihuza amazi kugirango bitange amashanyarazi.Mubyigisho, selile zishobora gukoreshwa ahantu hose amashanyarazi akoreshwa. ”Mu kiganiro n’umunyamakuru wo muri Securities Times, Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga rya Shenli, Zhang Ruogu, yatangiriye kuri ibi.Byumvikane ko icyerekezo nyamukuru cyisosiyete ari ubushakashatsi niterambere ndetse ninganda za hydrogène proton ihanahana amavuta ya selile hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, birimo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya peteroli kubintu bitandukanye.Jiangsu Sunshine na Fosun Pharma [-0,69% Raporo yubushakashatsi bwikigega] bafite inyungu zayo 31% na 5%.Nubwo hari imirima myinshi ikoreshwa, ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwamavuta yo murugo ntabwo bworoshye.Usibye abakora ibinyabiziga bashishikajwe no guteza imbere igitekerezo cy’ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi, iterambere rya selile mu zindi nzego riracyatinda.Kugeza ubu, ibintu nkigiciro kinini hamwe na sitasiyo ntoya ya hydrogène, kubura ibice bifasha, hamwe ningorane zo kwigana ingero z’amahanga biracyari impamvu nyamukuru zituma selile zigoye gucuruza ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.Imodoka zitwara lisansi ziraza vuba Muri iki cyerekezo cy’imodoka cya Beijing, SAIC Group iherutse gusohora Roewe 950 nshya icomeka mu modoka ya selile sedan yashimishije abantu benshi.Umubiri wera-urubura rworoshye kandi igipfundikizo cya moteri gikozwe mubintu bibonerana byerekana neza sisitemu yimbere yimodoka, ikurura abantu benshi.Ikintu cyingenzi cyaranze iyi modoka nshya ni uko ifite ibikoresho bibiri bya batiri na selile.Nibice ahanini bya peteroli ya hydrogène kandi byunganirwa na bateri.Batare irashobora kwishyurwa binyuze mumashanyarazi ya gride.Biravugwa ko SAIC Motor ishobora kugera ku musaruro muke w’ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi mu 2015. Muri rusange, ingufu z’ibinyabiziga by’ingufu nshya bivuga guhuza ingufu zo gutwika imbere n’amashanyarazi, kandi SAIC yakoresheje ingufu za selile + uburyo bw’amashanyarazi ni ikindi kigeragezo gishya.Nk’uko byatangajwe na Gan Fen, umuyobozi mukuru w'ishami rishya ry’ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe ingufu za SAIC Motor, iki gishushanyo gishingiye ku kuba iyo imodoka ya lisansi yihuta, igomba gukoresha selile ya lisansi yuzuye kandi ikoresha ingufu zose.Imbaraga zisabwa nini cyane, ikiguzi ni kinini, kandi igihe cyo kubaho nacyo kizagabanuka..Gucomeka mumodoka ya selile irashobora kwemeza ibiciro biri hasi, ariko kubera ko ifite sisitemu ebyiri, igiciro kiracyari hejuru yimodoka zisanzwe zamashanyarazi.Byongeye kandi, Toyota yerekanye kandi imodoka ya FCV ifite ibikoresho bya selile ya hydrogène muri iri murika ryerekana.Byumvikane ko Toyota iteganya gushyira ahagaragara icyiciro cya peteroli ya selile mu Buyapani, Amerika ndetse n’Uburayi mu 2015, kandi yizera ko kugurisha buri mwaka iyi moderi bizarenga ibice 10,000 mu 2020. Ku bijyanye n’ibiciro, Toyota yavuze ko kubera iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibiciro byiyi modoka byagabanutseho 95% ugereranije na prototypes kare.Byongeye kandi, Honda irateganya gushyira ahagaragara imodoka ya selile ifite lisansi igera kuri kilometero 500 muri 2015, intego yo kugurisha igurishwa 5.000 mu myaka itanu;BMW yiyemeje kandi gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi;Hyundai yo muri Koreya yepfo nayo yashyize ahagaragara moderi nshya ya selile.Hariho gahunda rusange yo kubyaza umusaruro;Imodoka ya Mercedes-Benz irateganya gushyira ahagaragara imodoka nshya ya hydrogène ya lisansi mu 2017. Ukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse na gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro amasosiyete y’imodoka, 2015 irashobora kuba umwaka wambere wo kwamamaza ku isoko rya selile n’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène.Kubura ibikoresho bifasha ni inzitizi “Mubyukuri, ibinyabiziga ni umuhanda utoroshye wo gutunganya inganda za peteroli.”Zhang Ruogu yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: "Ku ruhande rumwe, ibinyabiziga bifite tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikenerwa na selile, bigomba kuba bito mu bunini, byiza mu mikorere, kandi byihuse mu gusubiza.Ku rundi ruhande, hagomba kubakwa sitasiyo ya peteroli ya hydrogène, kandi ibihugu by'amahanga na byo byashoye amafaranga menshi muri urwo rwego. ”Ni muri urwo rwego, impuguke y’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ingufu za hydrogène yavuze ko sitasiyo ya hydrogène ari ahantu hanini ho guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bitwara peteroli.inzitizi.Nkibikoresho nkenerwa nkenerwa, ikwirakwizwa rya sitasiyo ya hydrogène yerekana niba ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi bishobora gukoreshwa nyuma yumusaruro.Amakuru yerekana ko guhera mu mpera za 2013, umubare w’ibitoro bya hydrogène ukoreshwa ku isi hose wageze ku 208, hamwe n’abandi barenga ijana barimo kwitegura.Sitasiyo ya hydrogenation ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mukarere gafite imiyoboro ya hydrogenation hakiri kare nk'Uburayi, Amerika, n'Ubuyapani.Nyamara, Ubushinwa busubira inyuma, bufite sitasiyo imwe ya hydrogenation imwe i Beijing na Shanghai.Bwana Ji wo mu ishami ry’ubucuruzi rya Xinyuan Power yemeza ko inganda zifatwa n’umwaka nk’umwaka wa mbere w’isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha peteroli, ibyo bikaba bidafitanye isano n’uko umubare munini w’ibitoro bya hydrogène wubatswe mu mahanga.Xinyuan Power n’umushinga wa mbere w’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa, wiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku binyabiziga, kandi watanze amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ya SAIC Group inshuro nyinshi.Isosiyete yavuze ko kwibanda ku binyabiziga bikoresha ingufu za peteroli ari ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko inganda z’imodoka mu gihugu cyanjye ari nini kandi zikura vuba, kandi zikeneye byihutirwa ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu;kurundi ruhande, tekinoroji irakuze kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muma selile.Ubucuruzi bwimodoka.Byongeye kandi, umunyamakuru yamenye ko usibye gushyigikira ibikoresho bya hydrogène, kubura ibice bifasha bikenewe mu ngirabuzimafatizo na byo ni imwe mu mbogamizi.Ibigo bibiri bikoresha peteroli byemeje ko kuzamuka no kumanuka by’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli mu gihugu bitaruzura, kandi bimwe mu bice byihariye biragoye kubibona, ibyo bigatuma ubucuruzi bw’ingirabuzimafatizo bugorana.Iki kibazo ntikirakemuka rwose mumahanga.Ku bijyanye n’ibiciro, ibigo byinshi byavuze ko kuva ibice byose bitigeze bigurishwa, biragoye kuganira ku giciro cy’amavuta mu Bushinwa.Mu bihe biri imbere, igipimo cy'umusaruro kizazana umwanya munini wo kugabanya ibiciro, kandi hamwe n'iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya igipimo cy'amabuye y'agaciro yakoreshejwe, igiciro cya selile kizagenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro.Ariko muri rusange, kubera ibisabwa bya tekiniki bihanitse, biragoye ko ikiguzi cya selile kigabanuka vuba.Inzira y'Amerika n'Ubuyapani iragoye kuyigana Usibye amamodoka, hariho izindi nzira nyinshi zo gucuruza selile.Muri Amerika no mu Buyapani, iryo koranabuhanga ryashizeho igipimo runaka ku isoko binyuze mu bundi buryo bwo gukoresha.Icyakora, abanyamakuru bamenye mu biganiro babajije ko inzira z’ubucuruzi zageragejwe n’Amerika n’Ubuyapani kuri ubu bigoye kwigana mu gihugu, kandi nta politiki ihamye yo gushimangira.Plug, isosiyete ikora peteroli yo muri Amerika, izwi nkimigabane ya kabiri nini nyuma ya Tesla, kandi igiciro cyayo cyazamutse inshuro nyinshi muri uyu mwaka.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, Plug yakiriye itegeko rinini rya Walmart maze asinyana amasezerano y’imyaka itandatu yo gutanga lisansi y’amashanyarazi mu bigo bitandatu byo gukwirakwiza Walmart muri Amerika ya Ruguru.Kuberako selile ya lisansi ifite imyuka ya zeru kandi idafite umwanda, irakwiriye cyane gukoreshwa murugo.Ntibisaba kwishyurwa igihe kirekire, birashobora gusubirwamo vuba kandi bigakoreshwa ubudahwema, bityo bifite inyungu zimwe zo guhatanira.Nyamara, forklifts ya selile ntishobora kuboneka mubushinwa.Umuyobozi wa forklift yo mu gihugu Anhui Heli [-0.47% Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwatewe inkunga] Zhang Mengqing, umunyamabanga w’inama y’ubuyobozi, yabwiye abanyamakuru ko muri iki gihe umubare w’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ari muke kandi ko udakunzwe nk’amahanga.Nk’uko abari mu nganda babitangaza, hari impamvu ebyiri nyamukuru zitera icyuho: icya mbere, nta kibujijwe gukabije kibuza imyuka iva mu kirere mu Bushinwa kimwe n’ibihugu bimwe byateye imbere;icya kabiri, ibigo byimbere mu gihugu byumva cyane igiciro cyibikoresho bitanga umusaruro.Ku bwa Zhang Mengqing, yagize ati: “Amashanyarazi yo mu rugo ashingiye ahanini kuri bateri ya aside-aside, kandi bateri ikaba igera kuri 1/4 cy'igiciro cy'imodoka yose;niba bateri ya lithium ikoreshwa, irashobora kubara hejuru ya 50% yikiguzi cya forklift. ”Litiyumu ya batiri ya forklifts iracyabangamiwe nigiciro cyinshi, kandi selile zihenze cyane biragoye kwemerwa nisoko ryimbere mu gihugu.Inzu y’Ubuyapani ihuriweho n’ubushyuhe n’amashanyarazi ikoresha gaze karemano yo mu gihugu nyuma yo kuyivugurura muri hydrogen.Bivugwa ko mugihe cyakazi, selile ya lisansi izatanga ingufu zamashanyarazi nubushyuhe icyarimwe.Mugihe amavuta ya selile ashyushya amazi ashyushya amazi, amashanyarazi yatanzwe ahita ahuzwa numuyoboro wamashanyarazi kandi ugurwa kubiciro bihanitse.Hamwe n’inkunga nini za leta, umubare w’ingo mu Buyapani ukoresha ubu bwoko bwa peteroli y’amazi y’amazi yageze ku barenga 20.000 mu 2012. Nk’uko abashinzwe inganda babitangaza, nubwo ubu bwoko bw’amazi ashyushya amazi ashobora kuzamura cyane imikoreshereze y’ingufu, igiciro cyacyo ni kinini nk'amafaranga 200.000, kandi kuri ubu ntaho bihurira no kuvugurura gaze gasanzwe mu Bushinwa, bityo rero ntabwo yujuje ibisabwa mu nganda.Dufatiye hamwe, isoko ryamavuta yo kugurisha igihugu cyanjye ntiratangira.Ku ruhande rumwe, ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogen biracyari mu cyiciro cya "concept car";kurundi ruhande, mubindi bikorwa byo gusaba, biragoye ko lisansi igera kubintu binini kandi byubucuruzi mugihe gito.Ku bijyanye n'ahazaza h’ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa, Zhang Ruogu yizera ati: “Ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza cyangwa isoko ryiza.Bikwiye kuvugwa ko igikwiye ari cyiza. ”Amavuta ya lisansi aracyashakisha ibisubizo byiza.Inzira iboneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-11-2023