Mu myaka yashize, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque zo murugo zagiye zikundwa cyane.Irashobora gutanga imbaraga zicyatsi kumuryango utitaye kumanywa nijoro no gutemba neza.Binyuze mu gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ntugahangayikishwe n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bizigama ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, kandi birashobora kurinda neza ubuzima buringaniye bwa buri muryango.
Ku manywa, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque zo murugo zikurura amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kandi ihita ibika imitwaro ya nijoro.Iyo bigeze ku mpanuka z'amashanyarazi ku bw'impanuka, sisitemu irashobora kandi guhita ihindura amashanyarazi yo mu rugo mugihe kugirango harebwe imikorere isanzwe yamashanyarazi nibikoresho byamashanyarazi igihe cyose.Mugihe cyo gukoresha ingufu, ipaki ya batiri muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zumuryango irashobora kwishyurwa ubwayo kugirango ikoreshe ingufu zidasanzwe cyangwa mugihe ingufu zikoreshwa.Usibye gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byihutirwa, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu murugo irashobora no kuringanizwa.Gukoresha ingufu.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque yububiko isa na sitasiyo yububiko bwa micro -energy, idatewe ningutu yumuvuduko wamashanyarazi.
Ikimenyetso cyibibazo byumwuga?
Nibihe bice bigize sisitemu ikomeye yo kubika ingufu za fotokoltaque murugo muri rusange bigizwe nibiki kandi bishingiye cyane cyane?Nibihe byiciro bya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque?Nigute ushobora guhitamo urugo rukwiye rwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu?
CEM “Sobanukirwa kabiri” ubumenyi buke
L ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubika ingufu za fotora
Sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi murugo ni sisitemu ihuza sisitemu yo guhindura imirasire y'izuba hamwe nibikoresho bibika ingufu, bishobora guhindura amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Sisitemu yemerera abakoresha murugo kubyara amashanyarazi kumanywa no kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze, no kuyikoresha nijoro cyangwa urumuri ruke.
l Ifoto yumuryango wo kubika ingufu za sisitemu
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'umuryango muri iki gihe igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri, bumwe ni gride-ihuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'umuryango, naho ubundi ni uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'urusobe.
Guhuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'umuryango
Igizwe na bitanu muribyinshi, harimo: bateri yizuba yumurongo, grid-ihuza inverter, sisitemu yo gucunga BMS, ipaki ya batiri, umutwaro witumanaho.Sisitemu ikoresha Photovoltaic na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zivanze n'amashanyarazi.Iyo amashanyarazi ya komine ari asanzwe, sisitemu ya gride ya fotokoltaque nimbaraga za komini zikoreshwa numutwaro;iyo ingufu za komini zimenetse, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu hamwe na gride ya fotovoltaque -grid ihujwe nimbaraga.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zurusobe zigabanijwe muburyo butatu bwo gukora.Icyitegererezo cya mbere: Photovoltaic itanga kubika ingufu no kubona amashanyarazi kuri enterineti;Icyitegererezo cya 2: Photovoltaic itanga ububiko bwingufu hamwe nogukoresha ingufu zabakoresha;Icyitegererezo cya 3: Photovoltaic itanga gusa ububiko bwingufu.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'umuryango
Irigenga, kandi ntaho uhuza amashanyarazi na gride ya power.Kubwibyo, sisitemu yose ntikeneye guhuzwa na inverter, kandi inverter ya Photovoltaque irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo gusohoka murugo igabanijwemo uburyo butatu bwo gukora, uburyo bwa 1: ububiko bwa Photovoltaque nububiko bwabakoresha (iminsi yizuba);Uburyo bwa 2: bateri yo kubika amashanyarazi nimbaraga zitanga abakoresha amashanyarazi (iminsi yibicu);Uburyo bwa 3: Kubika ingufu: Kubika ingufu Bateri itanga abakoresha amashanyarazi (nimugoroba nimvura).
Yaba gride -bihuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu murugo cyangwa umuyoboro wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kuva murusobe, inverter ntishobora gutandukana.Inverter ni nkubwonko numutima muri sisitemu.
inverter ni iki?
Inverter ni ikintu gisanzwe muri electronique yamashanyarazi, ishobora guhindura amashanyarazi ya DC (bateri, bateri) mo amashanyarazi ya AC (muri rusange 220V50Hz sine cyangwa umurongo wa kare).Mu magambo azwi cyane, inverter ni igikoresho gihindura DC (DC) imbaraga za AC (AC).Igizwe nikiraro cya inverter, kugenzura logique no kuyungurura.Ibice bisanzwe ni rectifier diode hamwe na kristu ya kristu.Ibikoresho hafi ya byose byo murugo hamwe na mudasobwa bifite ibyuma bikosora, bishyirwa mumashanyarazi yibikoresho byamashanyarazi.DC ihinduka itumanaho, yitwa inverter.
Ni ukubera iki inverter ifata umwanya wingenzi?
Imiyoboro ya AC ikora neza kuruta kohereza DC, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza umuyoboro wanduye kuri wire urashobora kuboneka na P = I2R (kare × résistoriste yimbaraga = ikigezweho).Ikigaragara ni uko gutakaza ingufu bigomba kugabanuka kugirango bigabanye umuyoboro wanduye cyangwa urwanya insinga.Bitewe nigiciro hamwe nikoranabuhanga bigarukira, biragoye kugabanya umurongo wogukwirakwiza (nkumuringa wumuringa), bityo kugabanya imiyoboro yoherejwe nuburyo bwihariye kandi bunoze.Ukurikije P = IU (power = current × voltage, mubyukuri, ingufu zingirakamaro p = IUCOS φ), guhindura amashanyarazi ya DC mumashanyarazi ya AC, kunoza voltage yumuriro wamashanyarazi kugirango ugabanye umuyoboro winsinga kugirango ugere kumigambi yo kuzigama ingufu.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, mugikorwa cyo kubyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, imbaraga z'amashanyarazi yerekana ingufu za DC, ariko imizigo myinshi ikenera ingufu za AC.Hano hari imbogamizi nini za sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC, ntibyoroshye guhindura voltage, kandi urwego rwo gusaba imitwaro narwo rugarukira.Usibye umutwaro udasanzwe wamashanyarazi, inverter igomba gukoreshwa kugirango ihindure amashanyarazi DC mumashanyarazi.Inverter ya Photovoltaic numutima wa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Ihindura amashanyarazi ya DC yakozwe nibikoresho bya Photovoltaque mumashanyarazi ya AC, itwara ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe n'imizigo ya gride cyangwa gride, kandi ifite ibikorwa byo kurinda.Inverteri ya Photovoltaque igizwe ahanini nububasha bwamashanyarazi, imbaho zumuzunguruko, imashini zangiza, akayunguruzo, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, abahuza, hamwe n’akabati.Nkumuhuza, iterambere ryayo riterwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, tekinoroji ya semiconductor hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo kugenzura.
Itondekanya rya inverters
Inverter irashobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu bikurikira:
1. grid-ihuza inverter
Imiyoboro-ihuza inverter ni inverter idasanzwe.Usibye inzibacyuho y’inzibacyuho y’amashanyarazi ya DC, ingufu za AC zirashobora guhuzwa ninshuro nicyiciro cyamashanyarazi ya komini.Kubwibyo inverter ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza intera hamwe numuyoboro wumujyi.Igishushanyo cyiyi inverter nugukwirakwiza ingufu zidakoreshwa mumashanyarazi.Ntabwo ikeneye kuba ifite bateri.Irashobora kuba ifite tekinoroji ya MTTP mukuzunguruka kwayo.
2. Kureka interineti ihinduka
Inverter yubuntu isanzwe ishyirwa kumurongo wizuba, imashanyarazi ntoya yumuyaga cyangwa izindi DC zitanga amashanyarazi, hanyuma ingufu za DC zigahinduka ingufu za AC zishobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi murugo.Irashobora gukoresha ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi na batiri kugirango zongere ingufu z'umutwaro.Kuberako ntaho bihuriye nimbaraga za komine kandi ntisaba amashanyarazi ayo ari yo yose, byitwa "kugenda".
Inverter ya roser yabanje kuba sisitemu yatangaga imbaraga za bateri kugirango imenye micro ya karere.Mugihe cyinjiza cyubu, DC yinjiza, kwinjiza byihuse, ibyinshi -bisohoka DC ibisohoka nibisohoka byihuse AC, in-inverter yo hanze-ishobora gukora ingufu ikayihindura mubindi bikoreshwa.Ikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura kugirango ihindure ibyinjira nibisohoka kugirango harebwe niba imikorere myiza itangwa biturutse ku masoko akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba cyangwa amashanyarazi mato mato, kandi ubwiza bw'ingufu bugenda neza hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya sine byuzuye.
Kuri reverteri y'urusobekerane, bateri ni itegeko kuri sisitemu y'izuba ry'urusobe, kandi ibika ingufu binyuze muri bateri kugirango ikoreshwe izuba rirenze cyangwa idafite amashanyarazi.Inverteri yinyuma nayo ifasha kugabanya gushingira kumashanyarazi gakondo.Uku kwishingikiriza mubisanzwe bitera ikibazo cyibibazo byingufu zidahungabana amashanyarazi, umuriro wamashanyarazi, hamwe namasosiyete yamashanyarazi ntashobora gukuraho.
Byongeye kandi, inverter yo gutandukanya hamwe nubushakashatsi bwumuriro wizuba bivuze ko hariho PWM cyangwa MPPT mugenzuzi wizuba imbere yizuba.Abakoresha barashobora guhuza amafoto yinjiza mumashanyarazi yizuba hanyuma bakareba kuri ecran yerekana ya ecran ya ecran yerekana ecran ya leta ya Photovoltaic, ikaba yoroshye guhuza sisitemu no kugenzura.Mesh inverter ikora -yishakisha muri generator yabigenewe na bateri kugirango irebe neza ingufu zuzuye kandi zihamye.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutanga amashanyarazi kumishinga imwe nimwe yo guturamo nubucuruzi, kandi -watt nkeya ikoreshwa mugukoresha amashanyarazi yumuryango.
3. Inverter ivanze
Kuvangavanga bivangavanze, mubisanzwe hari ibisobanuro bibiri bitandukanye, kimwe nikigenda cyo guhaguruka cyubatswe -mu mashanyarazi akoresha izuba, naho ubundi ni inverter itandukanijwe numuyoboro.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, kandi bateri yayo nayo irashobora gushyirwaho muburyo bworoshye.
Igikorwa nyamukuru cya inverter
1. Gukora byikora no guhagarika imikorere
Ku manywa, uko inguni y'izuba igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro, imbaraga z'imirasire y'izuba nazo ziziyongera.Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora gukuramo ingufu nyinshi zizuba.Iyo ibisohoka imbaraga zumurimo wimikorere zimaze kugerwaho, inverter irashobora guhita itangira byikora.kwiruka.Iyo ingufu za sisitemu ya Photovoltaque iba ntoya kandi ibisohoka muri grid / ingufu zibika inverter ni 0 cyangwa hafi 0, bizahagarika gukora kandi bihinduke leta ihagaze.
2. Igikorwa cyo kurwanya -Islande Ingaruka
Mugihe cya fotokolta ya gride -bihuza, sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi bihujwe na gride.Iyo amashanyarazi rusange adasanzwe kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe, sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ntishobora guhagarika gukora mugihe cyangwa guhagarika amashanyarazi.Biracyari muburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi.Byitwa ingaruka zirwa.Ingaruka yizinga ibaho, kandi ni akaga kuri sisitemu ya fotora na gride.
Imiyoboro ya gride-ihujwe / ububiko bwimbaraga ifite inzitizi irinda ikirwa cyirwanya imbere, gishobora kumenya neza voltage, inshuro nandi makuru yumurongo wamashanyarazi ugomba guhuzwa mugihe nyacyo.Umuyoboro rusange w'amashanyarazi umaze kuboneka, kubera ibintu bidasanzwe, inverter irashobora gupimwa ukurikije ibipimo bifatika ukurikije ibipimo bifatika.Agaciro kaciwe mugihe gikwiranye, gihagarikwa gusohoka, kandi gitanga amakosa.
3. Imikorere ntarengwa yo kugenzura imikorere yo kugenzura
Igipimo ntarengwa cyingufu zo gukurikirana imikorere nigikorwa cya MPPT, nicyo kintu cyibanze cyibanze cya gride -guhuza / kubika ingufu za inverter.Yerekeza ku bushobozi bwo gukurikirana imbaraga zisohoka zose zibigize mugihe nyacyo.
Imbaraga zisohoka za sisitemu ya Photovoltaque izaterwa nibintu bitandukanye kandi iri mubihe byimpinduka, kandi imbaraga nziza zisohoka zibikwa nominal.
Imikorere ya MPPT ya grid / ingufu zo kubika inverter irashobora gukurikiranwa mugihe nyacyo kugeza imbaraga ntarengwa ibice bishobora gusohora buri gihe.Binyuze muburyo bwubwenge bwo guhindura imikorere ikora point voltage (cyangwa ikigezweho), igenda yegera hafi yumuriro wamashanyarazi, urugero ntarengwa Gutezimbere ingufu zamashanyarazi ya sisitemu ya fotora, bityo ukareba ko sisitemu ishobora gukomeza gukora kandi neza.
4. Igikorwa cyubwenge bwitsinda ryimikorere
Hishimikijwe umwimerere MPPT ikurikirana ya grid / ingufu zibika inverter, imikorere yubwenge bwitsinda ryubwenge ryashyizwe mubikorwa.Ugereranije no gukurikirana MPPT, kugenzura ingufu za voltage nukuri kuri buri tsinda ryitsinda.Abakoresha Urashobora kureba neza amakuru nyayo-yimikorere ya buri nzira.
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu kubakoresha cyane cyane sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ya BMS, hamwe na gride ya fotovoltaque -bihuza inverter hamwe nububiko bwingufu.Mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibikenerwa mu bikoresho byo kubika ingufu zavuzwe haruguru kandi bigahuzwa n’ibiranga umutekano w’umutekano w’umuzunguruko w’igice cya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, Huashengchang yatangije uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu rugo.Inverteri ni gride-ihuza inverter hamwe na Hybrid inverter.ubwoko.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023