Batteri ya Litiyumu iragaragara hose mubikorwa byacu no mubuzima.Kuva mubikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa kugeza ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu, bateri za lithium-ion ziboneka mu bihe byinshi.Nubunini bwazo buto, imikorere ihamye, hamwe nibisubirwamo neza, bifasha abantu gukoresha neza ingufu zisukuye.
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwinjiye ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere, gutegura ibikoresho, gukora bateri no gukoresha bateri ya sodium ion.
Inyungu nini zo kubika
Kugeza ubu, kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi bigaragazwa na bateri ya lithium-ion irihuta mu iterambere.Batteri ya Litiyumu ion ifite ingufu zidasanzwe, imbaraga zihariye, uburyo bwo gusohora ibicuruzwa, hamwe na voltage isohoka, kandi bifite ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi hamwe no gusohora kworoheje, bigatuma ikoranabuhanga ryiza ryo kubika ingufu.Hamwe no kugabanya ibiciro byinganda, bateri za lithium-ion zirimo gushyirwaho murwego runini mubijyanye no kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi, hamwe niterambere rikomeye.
Nk’uko imibare yaturutse muri Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ibigaragaza, ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu nshya mu Bushinwa bwiyongereyeho 200% umwaka ushize mu mwaka wa 2022. Imishinga irenga megawatt irenga magana 20 yageze ku mikorere ihuza imiyoboro, hamwe na batiri ya lithium kubika ingufu zingana na 97% byubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho.
Ati: “Ikoranabuhanga mu kubika ingufu ni ihuriro rikomeye mu kwitoza no gushyira mu bikorwa impinduramatwara nshya.Mu rwego rwo gushyiraho ingamba ebyiri za karubone, ububiko bushya bw'Ubushinwa bwateye imbere vuba. ”Sun Jinhua, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’ubumenyi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi akaba n'umwarimu muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, yavuze yeruye ko muri iki gihe ububiko bushya bw’ingufu bwiganjemo “litiro imwe”.
Mu buhanga bwinshi bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bateri za lithium-ion zafashe umwanya wa mbere mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa ndetse n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, bikora urwego rw’inganda rwuzuye.Ariko, icyarimwe, amakosa ya bateri ya lithium-ion nayo yakwegereye abantu.
Ubuke bw'amikoro ni bumwe muri bwo.Abahanga bavuga ko ukurikije isi yose, ikwirakwizwa ry'umutungo wa lithiyumu ridasa cyane, aho 70% byakwirakwijwe muri Amerika y'Epfo, naho umutungo wa Litiyumu w'Ubushinwa ukaba ufite 6% by'isi yose ku isi.
Nigute ushobora guteza imbere tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zidashingiye kumikoro adasanzwe kandi afite igiciro gito?Umuvuduko wo kuzamura tekinoroji nshya yo kubika ingufu uhagarariwe na bateri ya sodium ion irihuta.
Kimwe na bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya sodium ion ni bateri ya kabiri yishingikiriza kuri ion ion kugirango yimuke hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi kugirango irangize ibikorwa byo kwishyuza no gusohora.Li Jianlin, umunyamabanga mukuru wa komite ishinzwe ubuziranenge bw’ingufu za Sosiyete y’Ubushinwa y’amashanyarazi, yavuze ko ku isi hose, ububiko bwa sodium burenze kure ibintu bya lithium kandi ko bikwirakwizwa cyane.Igiciro cya bateri ya sodium ion ni 30% -40% munsi ya bateri ya lithium.Muri icyo gihe, bateri ya sodium ion ifite umutekano mwiza nubushyuhe buke, ndetse nubuzima burebure, bikababera inzira yikoranabuhanga ikomeye yo gukemura ububabare bwa "lithium imwe yiganje".
Amahirwe meza yinganda
Ubushinwa bwita cyane kubushakashatsi no gukoresha bateri ya sodium ion.Muri 2022, Ubushinwa buzashyiramo bateri ya sodium ion muri gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka itanu yo guhanga ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’ingufu, ishyigikira ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bya batiri ya sodium ion.Muri Mutarama 2023, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’andi mashami atandatu bafatanije gutanga ibitekerezo ngenderwaho bijyanye no guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki, basobanura gushimangira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda za bateri nshya zibika ingufu, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu bintu by'ingenzi tekinoloji nka ultra ndende yubuzima hamwe na sisitemu yumutekano mwinshi, nini-nini, ubushobozi bunini, hamwe no kubika ingufu neza, no kwihutisha ubushakashatsi niterambere ryubwoko bushya bwa bateri nka bateri ya sodium ion.
Yu Qingjiao, umunyamabanga mukuru wa Zhongguancun New Battery Technology Innovation Alliance, yavuze ko 2023 izwi nk '“umwaka wa mbere w’umusaruro rusange” wa bateri ya sodium mu nganda, kandi isoko rya batiri ya sodium mu Bushinwa riratera imbere.Mu bihe biri imbere, bateri ya sodiumi izaba inyongera ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium mu bice byinshi nk'imodoka ebyiri cyangwa eshatu zifite ibiziga by'amashanyarazi, ububiko bw'ingufu zo mu rugo, ububiko bw'ingufu n'ubucuruzi, hamwe n'imodoka nshya.
Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, imodoka nshya y’ingufu z’abashinwa Jianghuai Yttrium yatanze imodoka ya mbere ya batiri ya sodium ku isi.Muri 2023, selile yambere ya sodium ion selile ya CATL yatangijwe iragwa.Akagari ka batiri karashobora kwishyurwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba muminota 15, hamwe na bateri irenga 80%.Ntabwo ikiguzi kiri hasi gusa, ahubwo urwego rwinganda ruzagera no kwishyurwa ryigenga kandi rishobora kugenzurwa.
Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyatangaje umushinga w'icyitegererezo cyo kubika ingufu nshya.Mubikorwa 56 byashyizwe ku rutonde, harimo imishinga ibiri ya sodium ion.Ku bwa Wu Hui, Perezida w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’inganda z’Ubushinwa, inzira y’inganda za batiri ya sodium ion iratera imbere byihuse.Dukurikije imibare, mu 2030, isi yose ikenera kubika ingufu zizagera ku masaha 1.5 ya terawatt (TWh), kandi biteganijwe ko bateri ya sodium ion izabona umwanya ukomeye ku isoko.Wu Hui yagize ati: "Kuva ku rwego rwa gride kugeza kubikwa ingufu mu nganda n’ubucuruzi, hanyuma kugeza mu bubiko bw’ingufu n’imbere, ibicuruzwa byose bibika ingufu bizakoresha cyane amashanyarazi ya sodiumi mu gihe kiri imbere."
Inzira ndende yo gusaba
Kugeza ubu, bateri za sodium ion zirimo kwitabwaho n’ibihugu bitandukanye.Nihon Keizai Shimbun yigeze kuvuga ko kugeza mu Kuboza 2022, Ubushinwa bwatanze mu bijyanye na bateri ya sodium ion bwagize ibice birenga 50% by'ibintu byose bifatika ku isi, naho Ubuyapani, Amerika, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubufaransa biza ku mwanya wa kabiri kugeza ku wa gatanu.Sun Jinhua yavuze ko usibye Ubushinwa bwihutisha iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya sodium ion, ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi, Amerika na Aziya byanashyizemo bateri ya sodium ion muri gahunda yo guteza imbere bateri zibika ingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-26-2024