“Impyisi mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ziraza.”Vuba aha, kataloge isanzwe yasohowe na minisiteri yinganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yatumye inganda zishima amarangamutima.
Dukurikije “Cataloge y’icyitegererezo cyasabwe mu guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu (Batch ya 11 muri 2019)”, imodoka nshya z’ingufu zifite bateri zashowe n’amahanga zizahabwa inkunga mu Bushinwa ku nshuro ya mbere.Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yo gukuraho bateri “urutonde rwera” muri kamena uyu mwaka, isoko rya batiri ya China Dynamics (600482, Stock Bar) ryafunguye kumugaragaro ishoramari ryamahanga.
Hano hari imodoka 26 zitwara abagenzi mubyitegererezo byasabwe byatangajwe kuriyi nshuro, harimo imodoka 22 zifite amashanyarazi meza, harimo na Tesla yamashanyarazi meza azakorerwa mubushinwa.Kugeza ubu, ntibiramenyekana uzatanga Bateri ya Tesla nyuma yo gukorerwa mu Bushinwa.Ariko, nyuma yo kwinjiza kataloge yinkunga, ibyitegererezo birashoboka cyane ko bizahabwa inkunga.Usibye Tesla, ibirango by'amahanga Mercedes-Benz na Toyota nabyo byinjiye kurutonde rwasabwe.
Mu myaka mike ishize, inkunga y'Ubushinwa ku modoka nshya zifite ingufu zifitanye isano cyane n’abakora amashanyarazi yatoranijwe.Gutwara bateri zakozwe na bateri "whitelist" ya sosiyete no kwinjiza kataloge yavuzwe haruguru nintambwe yambere yo kubona inkunga.Kubwibyo, mu myaka yashize, imodoka nshya zitumizwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane Tesla, ntabwo zatewe inkunga.Amasosiyete mashya yimodoka yingufu zo murugo hamwe namasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi nayo yishimiye "idirishya" ryiterambere ryihuse mumyaka myinshi.
Nyamara, gukura kwukuri kwinganda ntigushobora gutandukanywa no kugerageza isoko.Mugihe kugurisha no gutunga ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, inzego zibishinzwe nazo ziyobora iterambere ryinganda kuva kuri politiki igana ku isoko.Ku ruhande rumwe, inkunga z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zaragabanutse uko umwaka utashye kandi zizakurwa burundu ku isoko mu mpera za 2020. Ku rundi ruhande, “urutonde rwera” rwa batiri y’amashanyarazi narwo rwatangajwe ko ruzavaho mpera za Kamena uyu mwaka.
Ikigaragara ni uko mbere yuko inkunga zivanwaho burundu, inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zizabanza guhura n’irushanwa na bagenzi babo bo mu mahanga, kandi inganda za batiri zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Kwishyira ukizana kwa bateri zashowe mumahanga
Urebye ku rutonde ruheruka gusohoka, uburyo bushya bw'ingufu z'ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga nka Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, na Toyota byose byinjiye mu nkunga.Muri byo, Tesla yatangaje verisiyo ebyiri z'icyitegererezo zinjiye muri kataloge, zihuye na sisitemu zitandukanye za batiri zingufu zingana.
Kuki hariho itandukaniro nkiryo muri moderi imwe ya Tesla?Ibi birashobora kuba bifitanye isano nuko Tesla yahisemo abatanga isoko.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, Tesla yagaragaye ko yagiranye amasezerano "adasanzwe" n’amasosiyete menshi y’amashanyarazi.Intego za "scandal" zirimo CATL (300750, Bar Bar), LG Chem, nibindi.
Abatanga batiri ya Tesla bahoraga biteye urujijo.Raporo y’ishami ry’ubushakashatsi ry’ishami rikoresha amashanyarazi ya Batiri China.com yerekanye ko moderi ya Tesla yatoranijwe mu rutonde rwasabwe ifite “bateri za ternary zakozwe na Tesla (Shanghai).”
Tesla rwose yagiye itanga moderi yayo ya batiri, ariko ninde uzatanga selile?Indorerezi ndende ya Tesla yasesenguye umunyamakuru wo mu kinyejana cya 21 Centre Business Herald avuga ko impamvu iyi moderi ifite ingufu ebyiri ari ukubera ko ifite ibikoresho bya batiri (ni ukuvuga selile) biva muri Panasonic na LG Chem.
Ati: "Ni ku nshuro ya mbere icyitegererezo gifite selile zo mu mahanga zinjira mu rutonde rw'inkunga."Uyu muntu yerekanye ko usibye Tesla, imodoka ebyiri zo muri Beijing Benz na GAC Toyota nazo zinjiye mu gitabo cy’ingoboka, kandi nta na kimwe muri byo gifite ibikoresho byo mu rugo.
Tesla ntiyigeze isubiza selile yihariye ya bateri ikoresha, ariko kuva ikurwaho rya batiri yingufu "urutonde rwera", ni ikibazo gusa ko bateri zakozwe namasosiyete yatewe inkunga n’amahanga n’imodoka zifite izo bateri zizinjira muri kataloge y'inkunga.
Muri Werurwe 2015, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yasohoye “Imashini zikoresha ingufu za Automotive Power Battery Industry”, izakoresha bateri zakozwe n’amasosiyete yemewe nk’ibanze shingiro ryo kubona inkunga nshya y’imodoka.Kuva icyo gihe, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yagiye isohora ibyiciro bine by’uruganda rukora amashanyarazi (urugero, “Batiri Yera”).Urutonde ”), kubaka“ urukuta ”ku nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ya Chine.
Amakuru yerekana ko abakora bateri 57 batoranijwe bose ari amasosiyete yaho, kandi n’abakora ibicuruzwa bya batiri y’Abayapani na Koreya nka Panasonic, Samsung, na LG Chem byahoze bikoreshwa na SAIC, Changan, Chery, n’andi masosiyete y’imodoka ntabwo arimo.Kubera ko bifitanye isano ninkunga, aya masosiyete akoresha bateri yatewe inkunga n’amahanga arashobora kuva mu gihe gito ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.
Ariko, "urutonde rwera" rumaze igihe kinini rudahuye niterambere ryinganda.Umunyamakuru wo mu kinyejana cya 21 cyitwa Business Herald yamenye ko mu bikorwa nyirizina, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya “rutonde rwera” ridakabije, kandi na moderi zimwe na zimwe zidakoresha bateri “zisabwa” nazo zinjiye mu gitabo cy’ibicuruzwa cya Minisiteri y’inganda. n'ikoranabuhanga ry'amakuru.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’isoko ryibanze, Nyamara, ibigo bimwe biri kuri "lisiti yera" byagabanije ubucuruzi bwabyo cyangwa birahomba.
Abasesenguzi b'inganda bemeza ko guhagarika bateri “urutonde rwera” no gufungura isoko rya batiri y'amashanyarazi ku ishoramari ryo mu mahanga ari intambwe y'ingenzi ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu by’Ubushinwa biva mu politiki bigashyirwa ku isoko.Gusa iyo ibigo bikomeye bikomeye byinjiye kumasoko birashobora kongera umusaruro.Kandi kugabanya ibiciro no kugera kumajyambere nyayo yimodoka nshya zingufu.
Kwamamaza isoko ni inzira rusange.Usibye kwishyira ukizana kwa "lisiti yera", kugabanuka buhoro buhoro inkunga ni ingamba itaziguye yo guteza imbere isoko ry’inganda.Gahunda iherutse gutangazwa “Gahunda nshya yo guteza imbere inganda z’ingufu (2021-2035)” (umushinga w’ibitekerezo) inagaragaza neza ko ari ngombwa guteza imbere uburyo bwiza bwo kuvugurura no kuvugurura ibigo by’amashanyarazi no kongera ingufu mu nganda.
Kugabanya ibiciro ni ngombwa
Hatewe inkunga no gutera inkunga politiki y’inganda, amasosiyete menshi y’amashanyarazi y’imbere mu gihugu yazamutse vuba mu myaka yashize, harimo CATL, BYD (002594, Stock Bar), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, Bar Bar), n'ibindi, harimo na Fuli , iherutse kugwa mu Nama y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga.Ikoranabuhanga ryingufu.Muri bo, CATL yabaye "umutware" mu nganda.Amakuru aheruka kwerekana yerekana ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cyuyu mwaka, umugabane w’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu CATL wiyongereye kugera kuri 51%.
Mugihe cyo kwishyira ukizana kwisoko gahoro gahoro, amasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi aturuka mumahanga nayo yateguye mubushinwa.Muri 2018, LG Chem yatangije umushinga w’ishoramari rya batiri y’amashanyarazi i Nanjing, kandi Panasonic irateganya no gukora cyane cyane bateri y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ruganda rwayo rwa Dalian.
Twabibutsa ko abatanga batiri mu gihugu cya Tesla, Panasonic na LG Chem, bombi bibasirwa n’ibihuha bizwi.Muri bo, Panasonic ni umufatanyabikorwa wa “Tesla” umenyerewe, kandi Teslas yakozwe na Amerika itangwa na Panasonic.
Tesla "kudafata icyemezo" no "kwitegura" byerekana irushanwa rikaze mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ku rugero runaka.Naho ibirango byaho byateye imbere byihuse kumasoko yubushinwa mumyaka itari mike, barashobora guhangana namarushanwa kuva mubirango byamahanga muriki gihe?
Umuntu wegereye inganda zitanga amashanyarazi yabwiye umunyamakuru wo mu kinyejana cya 21 Centre Business Herald ko ibyiza byo guhatanira ingufu za batiri zashowe n’amahanga ahanini ari ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura ibiciro, byagize “inzitizi” ku isoko.Dufashe urugero rwa Panasonic, bamwe mu basesenguzi b'inganda bagaragaje ko nubwo itanga na bateri ya lithium ya ternary, Panasonic ikoresha igipimo gitandukanye cy'ibikoresho fatizo, bishobora kongera ingufu mu gihe igabanya ibiciro.
Nyamara, mumyaka yashize yiterambere, hamwe no kwiyongera kwubunini, igiciro cya bateri yumuriro murugo nacyo cyagabanutse uko umwaka utashye.Dufashe nk'urugero rwa CATL, igiciro cya sisitemu ya batiri yingufu zayo cyari 2.27 Yuan / Wh muri 2015, ikamanuka kuri 1.16 Yuan / Wh muri 2018, impuzandengo yumwaka yagabanutseho 20%.
Amashanyarazi akomoka mu gihugu nayo yagerageje kugabanya ibiciro.Kurugero, BYD na CATL byombi bitezimbere tekinoroji ya CTP (CelltoPack, module yubusa ya batiri yamashanyarazi), igerageza kunoza imikorere ya bateri hamwe nububiko bwimbere bwimbere.Ibigo nka Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, Stock Bar) nabyo biratanga raporo muri raporo yumwaka Zhong yavuze ko urwego rwo gutangiza umurongo w’umusaruro rugomba kunozwa kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere kandi ugabanye ibiciro.
Ikoranabuhanga rya CTP riracyafite ingorane nyinshi zo gutsinda, ariko amakuru aheruka kwerekana yerekana ko paki ya CTP ya CATL yinjiye mubikorwa byubucuruzi mubice.Mu muhango wo gushyira umukono ku ya 6 Ukuboza hagamijwe kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye bufatika hagati ya CATL na BAIC New Energy, Zeng Yuqun, umuyobozi wa CATL, yagize ati: “Ikoranabuhanga rya CTP rizakoreshwa mu buryo rusange buriho kandi bugiye kuza bwa BAIC New Energy.”
Kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki no kugabanya ibiciro nuburyo bwibanze.Amashanyarazi ya batiri yubushinwa ahagarariwe na CATL ari hafi gutangiza "isuzuma" ryukuri ryisoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-18-2023