Mugihe cy "Gahunda yimyaka cumi nagatatu yimyaka itanu", Ubushinwa umusaruro nogurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byazamutse vuba, biza kumwanya wa mbere kwisi mumyaka itanu ikurikiranye.Biteganijwe ko mu mpera zuyu mwaka umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizarenga miliyoni 5.Muri icyo gihe, inkuru nziza ikomeje kuva mu Bushinwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryibanze rya bateri nshya.Chen Liquan w'imyaka 80, umuntu wa mbere mu nganda za batiri ya lithium mu Bushinwa, yayoboye itsinda rye gukora ibikoresho bishya bya batiri.
Batiri nshya ya nano-silicon lithium irekuwe, ifite ubushobozi bwikubye inshuro 5 ya batiri gakondo ya lithium
Chen Liquan, ufite imyaka 80, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’Ubushinwa ry’Ubushinwa, ni we washinze inganda za batiri za Lithium mu Bushinwa.Mu myaka ya za 1980, Chen Liquan n'itsinda rye bafashe iyambere mu gukora ubushakashatsi kuri electrolytite zikomeye na batiri ya kabiri ya lithium mu Bushinwa.Mu 1996, yayoboye itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi mu guteza imbere bateri ya lithium-ion ku nshuro ya mbere mu Bushinwa, afata iyambere mu gukemura ibibazo bya siyansi, ikoranabuhanga n’ubuhanga mu bijyanye n’umusaruro munini w’ibicuruzwa bya litiro-ion, kandi amenya inganda. ya bateri yo mu rugo ya lithium-ion.
I Liyang, Jiangsu, Li Hong, protégé w’umunyeshuri Chen Liquan, yayoboye itsinda rye kugera ku ntera mu bikoresho by’ibanze bya batiri ya lithium nyuma y’imyaka irenga 20 y’ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki n’umusaruro rusange muri 2017.
Nano-silicon anode ibikoresho nibikoresho bishya byigenga byakozwe nabo.Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya buto ikozwe muri yo ni inshuro eshanu za batiri gakondo ya grafite ya litiro.
Luo Fei, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tianmu Uyobora Bateri Ibikoresho Byikoranabuhanga, Ltd.
Silicon ibaho cyane muri kamere kandi ni nyinshi mububiko.Igice kinini cyumucanga ni silika.Ariko gukora silicon metallic mubikoresho bya silicon anode, birakenewe gutunganywa bidasanzwe.Muri laboratoire, ntabwo bigoye kurangiza gutunganywa gutya, ariko gukora ibikoresho byo murwego rwa silicon anode ibikoresho bisaba ubushakashatsi nubuhanga bwinshi.
Ikigo cya fiziki cy’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa cyakoze ubushakashatsi kuri nano-silicon kuva mu 1996, gitangira kubaka umurongo w’ibikoresho bya silicon anode mu mwaka wa 2012. Mu mwaka wa 2017 ni bwo hubatswe umurongo wa mbere w’umusaruro, kandi uhora uhindurwa kandi ryasubiwemo.Nyuma yibihumbi byananiranye, ibikoresho bya silicon anode byakozwe cyane.Kugeza ubu, uruganda rwa Liyang rusohoka buri mwaka ibikoresho bya silicon anode ya bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora kugera kuri toni 2000.
Niba ibikoresho bya silicon anode ari amahitamo meza yo kuzamura ingufu za bateri ya lithium mugihe kiri imbere, ubwo rero tekinoroji ya batiri-ikomeye ni igisubizo kizwi kandi cyiza cyo gukemura ibibazo biriho nkumutekano nubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri ya lithium.Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byinshi birimo guteza imbere ingufu za bateri zikomeye, kandi ubushakashatsi n’Ubushinwa mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya litiro nini na byo bikomeza kugendana n’isi.
Muri uru ruganda i Liyang, drone ikoresha bateri ya lithium ikomeye-yakozwe na tsinda riyobowe na Porofeseri Li Hong ifite intera ndende ifite uburebure bwa 20% ugereranije n’indege zitagira abadereva zifite ibisobanuro bimwe.Ibanga riri muri ibi bikoresho byijimye byijimye, nicyo kintu gikomeye cya cathode yakozwe na Institute of Physics, Academy of Science.
Muri 2018, igishushanyo mbonera hamwe niterambere rya 300Wh / kg sisitemu ya batiri yumuriro wa leta yarangiye hano.Iyo ushyizwe mumodoka, irashobora gukuba kabiri ikinyabiziga kigenda.Mu mwaka wa 2019, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa ryashyizeho umurongo utanga ingufu za batiri i Liyang, muri Jiangsu.Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa byatangiye gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.
Icyakora, Li Hong yabwiye abanyamakuru ko iyi atari bateri-ikomeye-ya leta mu buryo bwuzuye, ahubwo ko ari bateri ya quasi-ikomeye-ihora itezimbere muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium.Niba ushaka gukora imodoka zifite intera ndende, terefone zigendanwa zifite igihe kinini cyo guhagarara, kandi ntamuntu numwe ushobora Kugirango indege iguruke hejuru kandi birakenewe, birakenewe guteza imbere bateri zifite umutekano kandi nini-nini-zose-zikomeye-zikomeye.
Batteri nshya ziragenda zigaragara kandi "Ubushinwa bw'amashanyarazi" burimo kubakwa
Ntabwo ari Ikigo cya fiziki cya Academy ya siyansi yubushinwa gusa, ibigo byinshi birimo gushakisha ikoranabuhanga rishya nibikoresho bya bateri nshya.Mu isosiyete nshya y’ingufu i Zhuhai, muri Guangdong, bisi y’amashanyarazi yuzuye irimo kwishyuza aho isosiyete yerekana amashanyarazi.
Nyuma yo kwishyuza iminota irenga itatu, ingufu zisigaye ziyongereye kuva kuri 33% zigera kuri 60%.Mu minota 8 gusa, bisi yarishyuwe byuzuye, yerekana 99%.
Liang Gong yabwiye abanyamakuru ko inzira za bisi zo mu mujyi zashyizweho kandi urugendo rw'urugendo ruzenguruka ntirurenga kilometero 100.Kwishyuza mugihe cyo kuruhuka umushoferi wa bisi birashobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kubyiza bya bateri ya lithium titanate yishyuza vuba.Mubyongeyeho, bateri ya lithium titanate ifite ibihe byizunguruka.Ibyiza byo kuramba.
Mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya batiri y’uru ruganda, hari batiri ya lithium titanate yatangiye kwishyurwa no gusohora cycle kuva mu 2014. Yishyuwe kandi isohoka inshuro zirenga 30.000 mu myaka itandatu.
Muyindi laboratoire, abatekinisiye beretse abanyamakuru igitonyanga, inshinge, no gukata ibizamini bya batiri ya lithium titanate.Cyane cyane nyuma yuko urushinge rwibyuma rwinjiye muri bateri, nta gutwika cyangwa umwotsi, kandi bateri irashobora gukoreshwa bisanzwe., na bateri ya lithium titanate ifite intera nini yubushyuhe bwibidukikije.
Nubwo bateri ya lithium titanate ifite ibyiza byo kuramba, umutekano muke, no kwishyurwa byihuse, ubwinshi bwingufu za bateri ya lithium titanate ntabwo iri hejuru bihagije, gusa hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya batiri ya lithium.Kubwibyo, bibanze kuri sisitemu yo gusaba idasaba ingufu nyinshi, nka bisi, ibinyabiziga bidasanzwe, hamwe n’amashanyarazi abika ingufu.
Kubijyanye no kubika ingufu za batiri ubushakashatsi niterambere no gutezimbere inganda, bateri ya sodium-ion yatunganijwe nikigo cya fiziki cya Academy ya siyansi yubushinwa yatangiye inzira yubucuruzi.Ugereranije na bateri ya aside-aside, bateri ya sodium-ion ntabwo ari ntoya mubunini gusa ahubwo inoroshye cyane muburemere kubushobozi bumwe bwo kubika.Uburemere bwa bateri ya sodium-ion yubunini bumwe ntabwo iri munsi ya 30% ya bateri ya aside-aside.Ku modoka yihuta yo kureba amashanyarazi, ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi abitswe mu mwanya umwe bwiyongera 60%.
Mu mwaka wa 2011, Hu Yongsheng, umushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubugenge ry’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa na we wize mu gihe cya Academicien Chen Liquan, yayoboye itsinda maze atangira gukora ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya sodium-ion.Nyuma yimyaka 10 yubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki, hakozwe bateri ya sodium-ion, nicyo gice cyo hasi cyubushakashatsi bwa batiri ya sodium-ion hamwe niterambere mubushinwa ndetse nisi.n'ibicuruzwa byo gusaba imirima biri mumwanya wambere.
Ugereranije na bateri ya lithium-ion, imwe mu nyungu nini za bateri ya sodium-ion ni uko ibikoresho fatizo bikwirakwizwa cyane kandi bihendutse.Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibikoresho bibi bya electrode byogejwe namakara.Igiciro kuri toni kiri munsi yigihumbi igihumbi, kikaba kiri munsi yikiguzi cyibihumbi icumi byamafaranga kuri toni ya grafite.Ikindi kintu, sodium karubone, nacyo gikungahaye kubutunzi kandi bihendutse.
Bateri ya Sodium-ion ntabwo yoroshye gutwika, ifite umutekano mwiza, kandi irashobora gukora kuri dogere selisiyusi 40.Nyamara, ubwinshi bwingufu ntabwo ari bwiza nkubwa bateri ya lithium.Kugeza ubu, zirashobora gukoreshwa gusa mumodoka yihuta yihuta, amashanyarazi abika ingufu nizindi nzego zisaba ingufu nke.Nyamara, intego ya bateri ya sodium-ion ni ugukoresha nk'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, kandi hashyizweho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za kilowatt 100 z'amasaha 100.
Ku bijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere kizaza cya bateri z'amashanyarazi na batiri zibika ingufu, Chen Liquan, umwarimu mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa, avuga ko umutekano n'ibiciro bikiri ngombwa mu bushakashatsi bwa tekiniki kuri bateri z'amashanyarazi na batiri zibika ingufu.Mugihe habuze ingufu gakondo, bateri zibika ingufu zirashobora guteza imbere ikoreshwa ryingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kuri gride, kunoza ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’amashanyarazi n’ikibaya, kandi bigashyiraho ingufu z’icyatsi kandi zirambye.
[Igice cy'amasaha yo kwitegereza] Kunesha “ububabare” bw'iterambere rishya
Mu byifuzo bya guverinoma yo hagati kuri “Gahunda y’imyaka 14 n’imyaka 5”, ingufu nshya n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’amakuru, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, icyogajuru, n’ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, byashyizwe ku rutonde nk’inganda zigenda zikura zikeneye kwihuta.Muri icyo gihe, hagaragajwe ko ari ngombwa kubaka moteri yo gukura mu nganda zigenda zitera imbere no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya, ibicuruzwa bishya, imiterere mishya y’ubucuruzi, n’uburyo bushya.
Muri gahunda, twabonye ko ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyanse n’amasosiyete yinganda bakoresha inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki kugirango batsinde “ububabare” bwo guteza imbere ingufu nshya.Kugeza ubu, nubwo iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye ryageze ku nyungu zimwe na zimwe zigenda mbere, riracyafite intege nke z’iterambere kandi ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze rigomba gucika.Aba bategereje abantu b'intwari kuzamuka bafite ubwenge no gutsinda no gutitiriza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2023